Circular Economy Approach to Enhance Soil Fertility Based on Recovering Phosphorus from Wastewater

Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource whose future scarcity will constrain agricultural sustainability. Thus, to ensure this sustainability, circular economy approach involving the use of recycled P sources needed. The objective study was assess fertilizer effect two products that can be obtained from water purification: vivianites and struvites. Five (one synthetic, one industrial process, three purification) struvites (named A B) diverse origins were compared with soluble mineral (superphosphate) in pot experiment using wheat at rates (50 100 mg kg−1) Mediterranean soils. Struvites performed similarly superphosphate outperformed all types terms dry matter (DM) yield uptake. Industrial synthetic vivianites, led higher DM uptake by plants than purification. Synthetic process increased Olsen soils after harvesting, relative non-fertilized Differences between explained different Fe2+ Fe3+ ratios, crystal sizes, morphology. Struvite B replace 65–92% on basis, 94–154% basis (the range depends rate). Vivianite 54–75% depending rate. as efficient fertilizer. However, results vivianite are promising view its potential agriculture.